Miswak research

Miswak (Salvadora persica) is one of the most studied natural tools for oral care. PubMed, the database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, returns more than 550 papers for miswak, siwak, chewing sticks and Salvadora persica — from laboratory research to clinical trials and systematic reviews (see the search, as of September 2026).

Below are 67 of them, grouped by type, each with a link to the paper.

Please note: these studies look at miswak in general, not at MSWK products specifically. Some test the stick itself, others extracts in toothpaste or mouthwash, or bacteria in the lab. Results differ between studies. This page is for information only and is not medical advice — for dental problems, please see your dentist.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Studies that pool the results of many trials.

Clinical studies: the miswak stick

Trials and field studies with people using miswak or chewing sticks.

Clinical studies: toothpaste, mouthwash and gum with miswak extract

Products that contain Salvadora persica extract rather than the stick itself.

Laboratory studies: bacteria, biofilm and composition

In-vitro research on extracts and the plant’s compounds. Lab results do not show effects in the mouth by themselves.

Background reviews

Overviews of miswak’s traditional use and research history.